Adderall is a prescription medication primarily used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is a combination of two stimulant drugs, amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically dopamine and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters play a key role in regulating attention, focus, and impulse control.