Ambien is primarily used to treat insomnia, particularly when the condition is seriously impairing or causing distress. It is usually administered for a brief period of time—roughly seven to ten days—in order to assist people in developing a regular sleep schedule. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter that is active in the brain, and Ambien acts by increasing its activity. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that aids in controlling brain activity and encouraging rest and sleep.